The Rape of Nanking essays

The Rape of Nanking essays I have read the book titled The Rape of Nanking. This book is appropriately titled due to the subject matter it covers. It covers an incident during World War II known as The Rape of Nanking. The book was written by Iris Chang and is two hundred and thirty pages long with an additional twenty four pages of pictures. The Rape of Nanking was an incident that occurred in December of 1937. Nanking at this time was the capital city of Nationalist China. During this incident Japanese soldiers raped, tortured, and killed Chinese soldiers and civilians totaling nearly three hundred thousand people. The official date that is credited to the day when Nanking fell is December 13, 1937. The Chinese government was forced to regroup elsewhere as the Japanese controlled this city until the war ended eight years later in 1945. Nanking wasnt the only part of China the Japanese controlled. It was where the worst atrocities took place and where the Chinese people were hurt the most. It all started with Japan taking the city of Manchuria. Quickly to be taken over after that were Chahar, Hopeh, Peking, Tiensin, Shangai, and then Nanking. The reasons for the Japanese attempt to takeover China were Japan had its own master race theory and they wanted to rule Asia. The reasons Nanking is remembered are the massive amounts of deaths in a short period of time and the manners in which these deaths and brutalities were committed. Statistics show that Certain countries had less civilian casualties in the entire war then the city of Nanking had in a few weeks. For example: Great Britain(61,000 civilian casualties), France(108,000 civilian casualties), and Belgium(242,000 civilian casualties). Some of the atrocities included thousands of men being dragged out to fields to be used as machine gun practice targets, people being buried alive, husbands being forced to rape their wive...

Property Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Property Law - Case Study Example It certainly is true that the legal owner has the sole right to dispose of any fixtures to another party. Nonetheless this is not the same thing as meaning that the 'purchaser' of kitchen cupboards obtained under a subsisting hire purchase agreement would also have the same rights, since whilst s/he might romantically think of the chattel as 'belonging to' him/her upon receipt of it, under English law, legal title does not pass until the final repayment is received by the finance company. However, the chattel may not belong outright to the person in possession, particularly where the possessor has only a limited right to the land; for example the widow of a man who died intestate may be allowed to live in the property but not to dispose of contents left in a statutory trust for her children under 18. What is the situation if an ex-tenant of a shop has to leave parquet flooring she had installed at her own cost Would the landlord instantly be able to claim that it was a fixture, and therefore s/he was entitled to keep it, in the same manner a mortgagee of land has a better right to fixtures than the owner or other creditors The older cases in this area suggest that the courts know that in certain circumstances it would be grossly unfair for a landlord to benefit in this manner, not least because it would discourage tenants from improving and maintaining the property.1 For example, seventeenth century law recognised that trade and ornamental fixtures could be removed during or at the end of the tenancy.2 However, one must keep such decisions in context - the world was a very different place then, and there was not welfare state to lift one from penury in the event of bankruptcy. Contrary to the Grays' viewpoint it is herein submitted that this has never been the conventional jurisprudential view. It was - and remains - an exception to the general rule. The burden of proof remains on the original person in possession to prove that the chattel was not a fixture. Defining a Fixture The determination of whether a chattel was a fixture was generally understood to turn on the 'intention' at the time the chattel was affixed to the land. The rationale for this reading of the case law is that the only purpose the tenant had at the time of affixing the chattel to the land was the intention to use and enjoy the chattel. This view makes good sense - particularly in the burgeoning sectors of commercial leasing or renting of realty, where often the fixture itself is owned by someone else (such as shop-fittings, satellite dishes or a fitted bedroom under a hire purchase agreement). However, the earliest cases considered the degree or extent of physical annexation to be more significant. Blackburn J in Holland v Hodgson (1872) gives a sound definition of the 'objective test' of a fixture under English law at the time: "Perhaps the true rule is, that articles not otherwise attached to the land than by their own weight are not to be considered as part of the land, unless the circumstances are said as to shew that they were intended to be part of the landon the contrary, an article which is fixed to the land even slightly is to be considered as part of the land, unless the circumstances are such as to shew that it was intended all along to continue a chattel."3 The Court gave examples of fixtures which would not be considered to be attached to the

Corporate Finance Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Finance - Speech or Presentation Example g too little has its problems and costs like the cost of lost profits that would have been made because of lost sales, the problem of loss of costumer loyalty and patronage, the cost of making more orders from time to time because of limited inventory on hand. Just in time (JIT) practice reduces an inventory level which means lower investments in inventories. It also greatly improves the lead time reliability due to shorter delivery- lead time. There is reduced lead times and set-up time increases scheduling flexibility. Many companies had reported improved quality levels in using JIT. It is also believed that extensive valued analysis reduces cost of purchased materials. There will be lower investments in factory space for inventories and product. There will be also less obsolescence risk in inventories and less paper work and a reduction in scrap and rework. On the other hand, the arguments against JIT include the following: JIT presupposes a disciplined act and as such it demands a long term commitment from management to do it. It management is changing or if there is no stability, it possibly the company may lose what would have earned under the ordinary way of maintaining inventories. There is also great possibility that there would be large initial cost that would possibly not compensated by short term returns. JIT presupposed anticipated demand and supply of its products and if management commits mistake along the way, the effect could be disastrous. JIT also making a stable agreement with supplier for the timely delivery of inputs for production and this may also create problems with supplies of terms large of money to implement the plan for JIT. Related with the large cost is also a risk that will have to be considered by the companies in wanting to implement JIT1. The formula above uses D, which refers to annual demand for the product, O which stands for ordering cost per unit and C, or the carrying cost per unit. In so computing minimum

Political Analysis on China Essay Example for Free

Political Analysis on China Essay China has been under the communist party rule for many decades. The communist party exercises absolute power over legislations and economic and cultural institutions. China rules and regulations are not so transparent or absolute. Due to lack of transparency and corruption the social network with the people from the communist party can help the business avoid red tape and bureaucracy. A political risk refers to government interference in the business affairs of foreign persons or companies doing business in a particular country. China is particularly hazardous with respect to political risk. In fact this has occurred in china in 1949. There are the risk of confiscation, risk of expropriation, and risk of contract repudiation.A unique form of political risk occurs in china, and this is the constant battle between the country’s central government and the provincial and local governments over applicable law, and observance or non-observance of it. This makes it difficult for companies operating in China to know exactly what the rules are. Other Political risk of China are as follows- 1) Political Effectiveness- Political effectiveness is actually not very effective in china as compared to other countries. Barely anyone bothers to call the police and they be easily bribed. Road laws are not enforced and thus there is a high rate of accidents in China with the way they drive. The government is even less confident than outside observers regarding their nation’s political stability. 2) Institutional Stability- Corruption still plays a huge role in China. They believe that profit comes first and mostly for personal reasons. At first it was only the Chinese Communist Party who took control in 1949. Later the other branches such as the Judicial Branch came into power in 1980. 3)Currency inconvertibility – The import and export business exchange currencies in either USD or RMB. Only certain worldwide currencies can be exchanged in China, other than that they use the RMB. 4) Honest Government- There are many cases known to justify corruption among government officials. Policies and laws are not solid or stable in China, therefore everything is negotiable. The CPI ratings of China are 3.5 this year. This looks bad compared to the United States and Canada. 106,000 officials were prosecuted for corruption in 2009 which was a 2.5% increase from 2008. With China’s growing economy, it will only get worse. Minimizing Political Risk- For minimizing political risk we should understand the importance of social networks and their relationship. It is a challenging process for a company to recruit the right people with the appropriate network to overcome these challenges. Legal System- For thousands of years, the Chinese legal system was based on Confucian ideology that emphasized ethics and relationships between the people and their leaders. China does not technically have an independent judiciary or a legal system that operates outside the influence of the ruling Chinese Communist Party. In fact, China’s lack of an independent judicial system. Legal and Regulatory Risk Regulatory risk in China is high. Although many sectors of Chinas economy have become more market oriented, numerous restrictions and a massive bureaucracy still hinder full implementation of regulations and make the approval process unpredictable. Chinas Judicial System- Using Chinas judicial system also involves risk. Because of Chinas WTO membership and growing pressure from foreign investors for greater transparency and rule of law, China increasingly recognizes overseas arbitration awards and rulings. It is, however, still risky for companies to rely solely on the PRC judicial system to protect their interests. Similarly, China’s accession to the WTO has brought with it the inclusion of international business laws and patent rights amendments, but even today it is common to see technology being stolen either by the employees of the outsourced firm in China or by a Chinese competitor in the country. Protection from foreign Currency Earning Enterprises- The cost of doing business in China is frequently higher than companies expect. These issues, coupled with a recent rise in policies aimed at protecting domestic companies from foreign competition— especially in engineering and construction, legal services, and banking—create risks and obstacles that few foreign companies are aware of until too late. Minimizing Legal Risk- Hence western companies that plan to outsource manufacturing to China should be aware of these legal challenges. One way of preventing these issues is to have a strong network with the locals or to make sure that sensitive technology is not outsourced to China. Cultural Challenges China has evidenced thousands of years of history, culture and traditions. The way Chinese people behave today is the result of its historical transformations, which is very different from the transformations witnessed by western societies. Hence the modern day Chinese culture is very different from the cultures of the west. The cultural aspects of the Chinese are immensely reflected in the business world, for example, A CEO in the western world is normally looked upon as a consensus builder or as an individual who debates and discusses strategies with their employees and then executes the strategy, whereas in China the leader is looked upon as the sole decider and executor of strategies. There is a strict hierarchy in the Chinese business culture, which is very different from the business culture of some of the west countries. So to run a successful wholly owned outsourcing unit in China, the western businessmen need to understand and overcome these cultural chal lenges. Challenges in Scale and Demographics China is a vast country with a massive population, Western businesses are often at awe about China and think that the 1.3 billion people could become a large customer base, but in reality China is a complex market. 850 million people in China live in the impoverished countryside; their life is harsh, uncertain and poor.536 million people live in the urban areas out of which 247 million people are considered middle class and have an expendable income. The middle class earns over $5000 per head over the period of a year, but one must also consider the fact that the Chinese are the largest savers in the world unlike some western countries such as the US where the consumers have massive spending power and a culture that promotes spending. Hence for a western company to succeed they need to understand these Demographic differences. Challenges related to market behaviour The Chinese market is unique in many aspects, many western companies have tried to sell their product as-is in the Chinese market and failed miserably, and these are not some small unknown brands but large mega brands that have been successful for many decades and different markets. To be recognized as a brand in China, one need to market and advertise the Chinese way, marketing and branding in China should carry a strong Chinese Cultural overtone to be successful in the mainland. Successful western companies such as Google and eBay have failed to become market leaders in China. The lesson learnt from the failure of these companies is that they â€Å"did not understand the localization factor† Therefore for the long run, western companies should â€Å"Think Chinese but act western† and sell the right product at the right price to be successful in the Chinese market. Economic instability Trade policy Challenges China is the world’s second largest economy and is among the fastest growing economies of the world. When western companies move to China they have to consider the economic stability of the country and prepare themselves for the various risks due to changes in fiscal policy, monetary policy, trade policy and other macro economic factors. China’s economy is mostly dependent on exports from the manufacturing industry and foreign economists suggest that the Yuan is undervalued by as much as 40%. Hence a Change in the Yuan can impact the profitability of the western business. Due to high economic growth there has been a strong demand for semi and highly skilled labour all over China. The labour costs have steadily increased over the last 5 years and the government has increased the minimum wage level. This will impact operating costs in China and hence a western company planning to operate in China will have to factor in this ri sk. In summary western enterprises need to be aware of macroeconomic risks before they start their operations in China or face the possibility of failure.

College Admissions Essay: The Grand Tour :: College Admissions Essays

The Grand Tour    I had many objectives for my trip to Europe. These objectives included making drawings, researching aspects of Western European art and culture, and purchasing research materials while completing an extensive Museum tour beginning in Italy and concluding in Amsterdam.    My trip was eventful, and I did complete my original objectives. I spent six weeks in Florence Italy making drawings under the direction of Professor Barry Gealt, and while there toured the city of Florence and the Tuscan region extensively, visiting the Florentine Ufizzi Galleries, the Venetian wonder of San Rocco and San Marco, as well as the Roman Coliseum.    In search of French hospitality, and the likes of Monet, David, and Gericault, my art historical whirlwind tour landed me in the south of France, then on to the beautiful cities of Spain. While in Spain I visited Barcelona and toured the fairytale buildings of Antonio Gaudi, and rambled down the amazing Ramblas corridor in search of Tapas and spontaneous street performances. Leaving Barcelona, I had my eyes set on seeing the Spanish masters housed in the glowing walls of Madrid's Prado museum. As the intense museum tour rolled on I visited the home and museum of the nineteenth century master Sorrolla, and made drawings of his masterworks. It was from Madrid that I was able to catch a midnight train to Pamplona, arriving just in time to see the annual running of the bulls. I too had to run to catch my next train to Paris to ensure my visit to the Louvre.    It may seem that seeing painting after painting in each city I visited would dampen even the most zealous art enthusiast, on the contrary each new city brought on a new level of understanding that slides in a lecture hall or slick pages of a textbook cannot. To understand the influence of a cultural climate on an artists work while backpacking through the city that was their home is an incomprehensible experience.

Managerial Economics Essay

The major technique that we used in order to extract the data given is by using SPSS program which is by linear regression analysis. Regression analysis  includes any techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a  dependent variable  and one or more independent variables. More specifically, regression analysis helps one understand how the typical value of the dependent variable changes when any one of the independent variables is varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. Most commonly, regression analysis estimates the  conditional expectation  of the dependent variable given the independent variables that is, the  average value  of the dependent variable when the independent variables are held fixed. In all cases, the estimation target is a  function  of the independent variables called the  regression function. In regression analysis, it is also of interest to characterize the variation of the dependent variable around the regression function, which can be described by a  probability distribution. Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. In restricted circumstances, regression analysis can be used to infer  causal relationships  between the independent and dependent variables. By using SPSS program, we can identify and analyze the regression result. From there, we can also found the related concept of elasticity being formed. The concept of elasticity is introduced as the tools for measuring the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in various factors. The first major section is considered regresiion analysis which is a statistical method for fitting the equation to set the data. It is used for demand estimation and we can analyse the result by using regression analysis. Finally, by using SPSS program, it is easier to identify and analyze the price ticket and the demand which have been effect from various sector.

The Poem London Written by Blake - 665 Words

The Vindication of the Rights of Man was Wollstonecraft’s first work and was written to respond to Reflections on the Revolution in France of Edmund Burke. Burke was a British writer who had impassionate dialogues on the French Revolution. His work fired up people like Wollstonecraft and Thomas Paine because of his beliefs that in order to revolutionize its traditions, citizens should not rebel against their government. Wollstonecraft acknowledges that reasons and rationality are based on the traditions, not the rights of people. One quote I liked which he states is, ... obeying a parent only on account of his being a parent, shackles the mind, and prepares it for a slavish submission to any power but reason,† (Wollstonecraft 153). What I think Wollstonecraft is saying is that parents are a big deal for children. Children when their young will obey whatever their parents command as a matter of power will make them obey them when they are getting older and older even unti l it’s time to actual make decisions for yourself. The way it should happen is parents should show that the power they have over their children is based upon their good value and better effect of reason (based upon their virtue and superior exercise of reason). Children should learn to only obey their parents to observe that their superiors are balanced and proficient human beings. Wollstonecraft talks more about how parents are a duty for men and women, but women are more responsible for breast feeding andShow MoreRelatedComparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth1105 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth Earth has nothing to show more fair, taken from William Wordsworths Lines composed upon Westminster Bridge, could not be more of a contrast to the way William Blake describes what he sees in his poem London. William Wordsworth and William Blake both wrote their poems within a very similar time, yet they are completely different in all aspects. Lines composed uponRead MoreComparing the Poems City Jungle by Pie Corbett, London by William Blake and Londinium by Catatonia910 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Poems City Jungle by Pie Corbett, London by William Blake and Londinium by Catatonia City Jungle by Pie Corbett, London by William Blake and Londinium by Catatonia are poems that share the same theme: cities and city life. They each have negative opinions of cities and similar themes and messages, that cities are unpleasant. The poems are however, vastly different in their style; City Jungle has a fun atmosphere, whereas Londinium and London have depressing Read MoreThe Sick Rose vs. London: a Poetic Comparison1225 Words   |  5 PagesSick Rose vs. London: A poetic Comparison William Blake was a renowned poet whose works continue to be recognized long after his death. Blake was more than a poet he was also a painter and printmaker. Often his engraving art would act as the accompanying image to his poetry. Throughout his lifetime the British poet wrote several poems. The vast majorityRead More Comparing Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth and London by William Blake1459 Words   |  6 PagesComparison between William Blake and William Wordsworth’s Views of London William Blake grew up in the slums of London and this is shown in his poem, he wrote his poem in the slums and back alleys of London as he never had very much money. He describes London as being â€Å"charter’d†, this gives us the impression that everything has rules and boundaries in London, and that there is no mystery to be discovered. Also chartered means on a map, almost as if it is owned, by the king perhaps. The lineRead MoreAnalysis Of William Blake s London1186 Words   |  5 Pageswhich is when the poem is legitimized by the poets personal experience yet it also provides a commentary about social political issues. This makes the poem essentially the only account of the event that is happening. William Blake’s â€Å"London† from his collection of poems Songs of Experience uses poetry of witness to castigate London as a place of happiness by exposing the oppression of the common people by a dominating government and elite class. Blake notices th e inequalities of London and he describesRead MorePoetry Of Songs Of Innocence And The Little Black Boy Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"London†, â€Å"Holy Thursday†, â€Å"The Lamb†, â€Å"The Tyger†, â€Å"The Nurse’s Song†, and â€Å"The Little Black Boy† are all written by William Blake. His two main collection of his poetry are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. â€Å"The Lamb†, â€Å"The Nurse’s Song†, and â€Å"The Little Black Boy† belong to the collection of Song of Innocence because of the theme of happiness. â€Å"The Tyger†, â€Å"London†, and â€Å"Holy Thursday† belong to the collection of Songs of Experience because of the theme of darkness. The collectionRead MoreHow Blake and Wordsworth Respond to Nature in their Poetry Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesHow Blake and Wordsworth Respond to Nature in their Poetry What natural influences did Blake and Wordsworth respond to in their poetry? Blake and Wordsworth were under different influences stemming from their childhood. Wordsworths pleasant and simplistic life style in the country, contrasted with the harsh reality of life experienced by Blake in the City of London. This essay analyses how both poets expressed their very different views of London through their use of Read MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pages(Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At the age of twenty-one, Blake completed his seven-year apprenticeship andRead MoreLondon by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth1327 Words   |  6 PagesLondon by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth This essay aims to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between the two poems London and Upon Westminster Bridge. They both create powerful, contrasting images but are both similar in the use of language and exaggeration. The first poem to be commented upon is London by William Blake, written a couple of decades before the second poem written by William Wordsworth. WilliamRead More Blakes London versus Pazs The Streets Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesStreets   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Blakes London and Octavio Pazs The Street both use streets as symbols. Blake analyzes the traits of the different social groups on an everyday encounter while out on the streets, whereas Pazs poem encompasses the feelings of a man on a particular journey down a street.   This is just one of many similarities in the two poems.   Both poems exude an intimate feeling of discontent, yet both are for very different reasons.   Blakes poem deals with the external conflict of